Table A: Gross Enrollment ratios (%) |
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Primary |
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Secondary |
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Tertiary |
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Tertiary 1965 |
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Tertiary 1995 |
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1965 |
1995 |
|
1965 |
1995 |
|
1965 |
1975 |
1985 |
1995 |
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Male |
Female |
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Male |
Female |
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World Bank |
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Country Name |
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Afghanistan |
|
16 |
49 |
|
2 |
22 |
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
2 |
1 |
Albania |
|
|
101 |
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
9 |
12 |
Algeria |
|
68 |
107 |
|
7 |
62 |
|
1 |
3 |
9 |
12 |
|
1 |
0 |
|
14 |
10 |
American Samoa |
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Andorra |
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Angola |
|
41 |
77 |
|
5 |
12 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
0 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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Argentina |
|
100 |
112 |
|
28 |
73 |
|
15 |
27 |
36 |
39 |
|
17 |
11 |
|
35 |
44 |
Armenia |
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|
82 |
|
|
79 |
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|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
13 |
14 |
Aruba |
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|
|
|
Australia |
|
99 |
103 |
|
62 |
147 |
|
16 |
24 |
28 |
72 |
|
22 |
10 |
|
70 |
74 |
Austria |
|
100 |
100 |
|
52 |
103 |
|
9 |
19 |
27 |
47 |
|
13 |
4 |
|
46 |
47 |
Azerbaijan |
|
|
104 |
|
|
77 |
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|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
18 |
18 |
Bahamas, The |
|
95 |
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
|
15 |
33 |
Bahrain |
|
69 |
108 |
|
45 |
97 |
|
|
2 |
10 |
20 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
24 |
Bangladesh |
|
49 |
78 |
|
13 |
19 |
|
1 |
2 |
5 |
6 |
|
1 |
0 |
|
10 |
2 |
Barbados |
|
100 |
99 |
|
52 |
97 |
|
3 |
10 |
19 |
29 |
|
3 |
3 |
|
24 |
35 |
Belarus |
|
|
97 |
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
|
39 |
46 |
Belgium |
|
100 |
102 |
|
75 |
146 |
|
15 |
23 |
31 |
56 |
|
19 |
10 |
|
56 |
56 |
Belize |
|
|
122 |
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
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|
1 |
1 |
Benin |
|
34 |
72 |
|
3 |
16 |
|
0 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
4 |
1 |
Bermuda |
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Bhutan |
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|
0 |
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|
0 |
0 |
Bolivia |
|
73 |
104 |
|
18 |
39 |
|
5 |
11 |
17 |
24 |
|
7 |
3 |
|
33 |
15 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
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Botswana |
|
65 |
112 |
|
3 |
64 |
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
5 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
6 |
5 |
Brazil |
|
100 |
117 |
|
16 |
47 |
|
2 |
11 |
11 |
12 |
|
3 |
1 |
|
11 |
12 |
Brunei |
|
|
108 |
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|
77 |
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|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
8 |
Bulgaria |
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|
97 |
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|
78 |
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|
|
|
39 |
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|
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|
29 |
50 |
Burkina Faso |
12 |
40 |
|
1 |
9 |
|
|
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
1 |
Burundi |
|
26 |
51 |
|
1 |
7 |
|
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
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|
1 |
1 |
Cambodia |
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|
126 |
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|
26 |
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|
2 |
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|
3 |
1 |
Cameroon |
|
94 |
87 |
|
5 |
26 |
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
|
1 |
0 |
|
7 |
1 |
Canada |
|
100 |
103 |
|
56 |
107 |
|
26 |
39 |
56 |
90 |
|
33 |
20 |
|
83 |
98 |
Cape Verde |
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|
135 |
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|
27 |
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Cayman Islands |
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Central African Republic |
56 |
59 |
|
2 |
10 |
|
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
2 |
0 |
Chad |
|
34 |
58 |
|
1 |
10 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
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|
|
1 |
0 |
Channel Islands |
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Chile |
|
100 |
99 |
|
34 |
70 |
|
6 |
16 |
16 |
28 |
|
7 |
5 |
|
30 |
26 |
China |
|
89 |
118 |
|
24 |
67 |
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|
2 |
5 |
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|
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|
7 |
4 |
Colombia |
|
84 |
114 |
|
17 |
67 |
|
3 |
8 |
13 |
17 |
|
5 |
1 |
|
17 |
18 |
Comoros |
|
24 |
74 |
|
3 |
22 |
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|
|
0 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
0 |
Congo, Dem. Rep. |
70 |
72 |
|
5 |
28 |
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
4 |
1 |
Congo, Rep. |
|
100 |
114 |
|
10 |
53 |
|
1 |
3 |
7 |
8 |
|
1 |
0 |
|
13 |
3 |
Costa Rica |
|
100 |
107 |
|
24 |
50 |
|
6 |
18 |
23 |
33 |
|
7 |
5 |
|
36 |
30 |
Cote d'Ivoire |
|
|
69 |
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
2 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
2 |
Croatia |
|
|
86 |
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
28 |
Cuba |
|
|
105 |
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
10 |
16 |
Cyprus |
|
91 |
|
|
42 |
|
|
1 |
2 |
7 |
17 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
13 |
20 |
Czech Republic |
|
104 |
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
|
23 |
21 |
Denmark |
|
98 |
100 |
|
83 |
120 |
|
14 |
29 |
29 |
45 |
|
17 |
10 |
|
39 |
51 |
Djibouti |
|
|
39 |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
0 |
Dominica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dominican Republic |
87 |
111 |
|
12 |
45 |
|
2 |
10 |
19 |
22 |
|
3 |
1 |
|
19 |
25 |
Ecuador |
|
91 |
123 |
|
17 |
53 |
|
3 |
27 |
30 |
23 |
|
5 |
2 |
|
30 |
17 |
Egypt, Arab Rep. |
75 |
101 |
|
26 |
74 |
|
7 |
14 |
20 |
20 |
|
11 |
3 |
|
24 |
16 |
El Salvador |
|
82 |
88 |
|
17 |
32 |
|
2 |
8 |
18 |
18 |
|
3 |
1 |
|
18 |
18 |
Equatorial Guinea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
1 |
Eritrea |
|
|
57 |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
0 |
Estonia |
|
|
91 |
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
|
35 |
41 |
Ethiopia |
|
11 |
38 |
|
2 |
12 |
|
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
0 |
Faeroe Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiji |
|
85 |
135 |
|
20 |
68 |
|
0 |
3 |
3 |
13 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
16 |
10 |
Finland |
|
92 |
100 |
|
76 |
116 |
|
11 |
27 |
34 |
70 |
|
11 |
11 |
|
65 |
76 |
France |
|
100 |
106 |
|
56 |
111 |
|
14 |
25 |
30 |
51 |
|
16 |
12 |
|
45 |
57 |
French Guiana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
French Polynesia |
|
115 |
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
3 |
Gabon |
|
100 |
|
|
11 |
|
|
0 |
2 |
5 |
8 |
|
|
|
|
11 |
5 |
Gambia, The |
21 |
77 |
|
6 |
25 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
2 |
1 |
Georgia |
|
|
82 |
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
|
35 |
41 |
Germany |
|
100 |
103 |
|
45 |
102 |
|
9 |
25 |
30 |
44 |
|
13 |
4 |
|
47 |
41 |
Ghana |
|
69 |
76 |
|
13 |
32 |
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
|
1 |
0 |
|
2 |
1 |
Greece |
|
100 |
94 |
|
49 |
96 |
|
10 |
18 |
26 |
43 |
|
13 |
6 |
|
43 |
42 |
Greenland |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grenada |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
Guadeloupe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Guam |
|
|
69 |
|
|
185 |
|
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
|
58 |
74 |
Guatemala |
|
50 |
84 |
|
8 |
25 |
|
2 |
4 |
8 |
8 |
|
4 |
1 |
|
12 |
4 |
Guinea |
|
32 |
48 |
|
5 |
12 |
|
0 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
0 |
Guinea-Bissau |
26 |
68 |
|
2 |
11 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
Guyana |
|
100 |
95 |
|
53 |
75 |
|
1 |
4 |
2 |
10 |
|
1 |
0 |
|
10 |
9 |
Haiti |
|
50 |
51 |
|
5 |
24 |
|
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
0 |
|
2 |
1 |
Honduras |
|
80 |
110 |
|
10 |
32 |
|
2 |
5 |
10 |
11 |
|
2 |
1 |
|
12 |
10 |
Hong Kong, China |
100 |
96 |
|
29 |
75 |
|
5 |
10 |
13 |
26 |
|
6 |
5 |
|
28 |
23 |
Hungary |
|
100 |
104 |
|
60 |
99 |
|
|
|
16 |
24 |
|
15 |
10 |
|
22 |
26 |
Iceland |
|
98 |
98 |
|
72 |
104 |
|
8 |
16 |
22 |
36 |
|
11 |
5 |
|
29 |
42 |
India |
|
74 |
100 |
|
27 |
49 |
|
5 |
9 |
9 |
7 |
|
4 |
1 |
|
8 |
5 |
Indonesia |
|
72 |
115 |
|
12 |
50 |
|
3 |
2 |
7 |
11 |
|
3 |
1 |
|
15 |
8 |
Iran, Islamic Rep. |
47 |
94 |
|
28 |
75 |
|
2 |
5 |
5 |
17 |
|
2 |
1 |
|
21 |
13 |
Iraq |
|
74 |
85 |
|
28 |
42 |
|
4 |
9 |
12 |
11 |
|
6 |
2 |
|
14 |
9 |
Ireland |
|
100 |
103 |
|
51 |
115 |
|
12 |
19 |
24 |
39 |
|
16 |
8 |
|
37 |
40 |
Isle of Man |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Israel |
|
95 |
99 |
|
48 |
89 |
|
20 |
25 |
34 |
41 |
|
22 |
18 |
|
39 |
44 |
Italy |
|
100 |
99 |
|
47 |
88 |
|
11 |
26 |
24 |
41 |
|
14 |
7 |
|
38 |
45 |
Jamaica |
|
100 |
110 |
|
51 |
70 |
|
3 |
7 |
4 |
8 |
|
4 |
3 |
|
8 |
7 |
Japan |
|
100 |
102 |
|
82 |
103 |
|
13 |
25 |
29 |
41 |
|
20 |
6 |
|
45 |
38 |
Jordan |
|
95 |
|
|
38 |
|
|
2 |
9 |
|
17 |
|
2 |
1 |
|
18 |
17 |
Kazakhstan |
|
|
96 |
|
|
83 |
|
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
29 |
37 |
Kenya |
|
54 |
85 |
|
4 |
24 |
|
0 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
1 |
0 |
|
2 |
1 |
Kiribati |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Korea, Dem. Rep. |
|
107 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Korea, Rep. |
|
100 |
95 |
|
35 |
101 |
|
6 |
10 |
34 |
52 |
|
9 |
3 |
|
66 |
38 |
Kuwait |
|
100 |
73 |
|
52 |
64 |
|
0 |
9 |
15 |
25 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
22 |
28 |
Kyrgyz Republic |
|
107 |
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
13 |
Lao PDR |
|
|
102 |
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
1 |
Latvia |
|
|
89 |
|
|
85 |
|
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
22 |
30 |
Lebanon |
|
|
109 |
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
|
27 |
27 |
Lesotho |
|
94 |
100 |
|
4 |
29 |
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
|
1 |
0 |
|
2 |
3 |
Liberia |
|
41 |
33 |
|
5 |
15 |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
|
1 |
0 |
|
5 |
2 |
Libya |
|
|
114 |
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
20 |
20 |
Liechtenstein |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lithuania |
|
|
96 |
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
|
23 |
34 |
Luxembourg |
100 |
|
|
33 |
|
|
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
2 |
Macao |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
25 |
Macedonia, FYR |
|
89 |
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
20 |
Madagascar |
65 |
73 |
|
8 |
13 |
|
1 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
2 |
Malawi |
|
44 |
135 |
|
2 |
16 |
|
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
1 |
0 |
Malaysia |
|
90 |
92 |
|
28 |
61 |
|
2 |
3 |
6 |
11 |
|
3 |
1 |
|
12 |
10 |
Maldives |
|
|
133 |
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mali |
|
24 |
34 |
|
4 |
10 |
|
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
1 |
0 |
Malta |
|
100 |
109 |
|
26 |
85 |
|
5 |
5 |
6 |
24 |
|
7 |
3 |
|
24 |
24 |
Marshall Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Martinique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mauritania |
|
13 |
79 |
|
1 |
16 |
|
0 |
0 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
1 |
Mauritius |
|
100 |
107 |
|
26 |
62 |
|
0 |
1 |
1 |
7 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
7 |
7 |
Mayotte |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mexico |
|
92 |
115 |
|
17 |
61 |
|
4 |
11 |
16 |
15 |
|
6 |
1 |
|
16 |
14 |
Micronesia, Fed. Sts. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Moldova |
|
|
94 |
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
22 |
28 |
Monaco |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mongolia |
|
|
88 |
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
9 |
21 |
Morocco |
|
57 |
83 |
|
11 |
39 |
|
1 |
3 |
8 |
11 |
|
|
|
|
13 |
9 |
Mozambique |
37 |
60 |
|
3 |
7 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
1 |
0 |
Myanmar |
|
71 |
101 |
|
15 |
32 |
|
1 |
2 |
|
6 |
|
2 |
1 |
|
4 |
7 |
Namibia |
|
|
133 |
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
10 |
Nepal |
|
20 |
108 |
|
5 |
38 |
|
1 |
2 |
5 |
5 |
|
2 |
0 |
|
7 |
2 |
Netherlands |
|
100 |
107 |
|
61 |
137 |
|
17 |
26 |
32 |
49 |
|
24 |
9 |
|
50 |
47 |
Netherlands Antilles |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New Caledonia |
|
123 |
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
4 |
New Zealand |
100 |
104 |
|
75 |
117 |
|
15 |
26 |
34 |
58 |
|
18 |
11 |
|
51 |
66 |
Nicaragua |
|
69 |
110 |
|
14 |
47 |
|
2 |
8 |
10 |
12 |
|
4 |
1 |
|
12 |
12 |
Niger |
|
11 |
29 |
|
1 |
7 |
|
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
1 |
0 |
Nigeria |
|
32 |
88 |
|
5 |
32 |
|
0 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
2 |
Northern Mariana Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Norway |
|
97 |
99 |
|
64 |
117 |
|
11 |
22 |
30 |
59 |
|
14 |
8 |
|
51 |
66 |
Oman |
|
|
80 |
|
|
67 |
|
0 |
0 |
1 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
5 |
Pakistan |
|
40 |
79 |
|
12 |
30 |
|
2 |
2 |
5 |
3 |
|
3 |
1 |
|
4 |
3 |
Palau |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Panama |
|
100 |
104 |
|
34 |
68 |
|
7 |
17 |
26 |
30 |
|
7 |
7 |
|
24 |
36 |
Papua New Guinea |
44 |
80 |
|
4 |
14 |
|
0 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
4 |
2 |
Paraguay |
|
100 |
111 |
|
13 |
40 |
|
4 |
7 |
9 |
11 |
|
4 |
3 |
|
11 |
12 |
Peru |
|
99 |
123 |
|
25 |
70 |
|
8 |
15 |
24 |
31 |
|
11 |
6 |
|
37 |
25 |
Philippines |
|
100 |
116 |
|
41 |
79 |
|
19 |
18 |
38 |
30 |
|
17 |
21 |
|
25 |
34 |
Poland |
|
100 |
96 |
|
48 |
98 |
|
13 |
17 |
17 |
25 |
|
19 |
16 |
|
21 |
29 |
Portugal |
|
84 |
132 |
|
42 |
111 |
|
5 |
11 |
12 |
37 |
|
7 |
4 |
|
32 |
43 |
Puerto Rico |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
|
35 |
49 |
Qatar |
|
|
86 |
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
|
15 |
42 |
Reunion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Romania |
|
|
100 |
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
19 |
18 |
Russian Federation |
|
111 |
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
|
38 |
47 |
Rwanda |
|
53 |
97 |
|
2 |
14 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
0 |
1 |
Samoa |
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
24 |
78 |
|
4 |
58 |
|
1 |
4 |
12 |
16 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
15 |
Senegal |
|
40 |
65 |
|
7 |
16 |
|
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
|
2 |
0 |
|
5 |
2 |
Seychelles |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sierra Leone |
29 |
53 |
|
5 |
17 |
|
0 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
1 |
0 |
|
3 |
1 |
Singapore |
|
100 |
95 |
|
45 |
73 |
|
10 |
9 |
12 |
34 |
|
13 |
7 |
|
37 |
31 |
Slovak Republic |
|
103 |
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
20 |
21 |
Slovenia |
|
|
103 |
|
|
91 |
|
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
39 |
Solomon Islands |
|
100 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Somalia |
|
10 |
9 |
|
2 |
5 |
|
0 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
1 |
South Africa |
90 |
117 |
|
15 |
84 |
|
4 |
6 |
|
17 |
|
6 |
2 |
|
18 |
17 |
Spain |
|
100 |
106 |
|
38 |
121 |
|
6 |
20 |
29 |
49 |
|
9 |
3 |
|
45 |
53 |
Sri Lanka |
|
93 |
113 |
|
35 |
75 |
|
2 |
1 |
4 |
5 |
|
2 |
1 |
|
6 |
4 |
St. Kitts and Nevis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
St. Lucia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
St. Vincent & the Grenadines |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sudan |
|
29 |
52 |
|
4 |
19 |
|
1 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
|
1 |
0 |
|
5 |
3 |
Suriname |
|
100 |
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
6 |
7 |
13 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
14 |
Swaziland |
|
74 |
126 |
|
8 |
66 |
|
0 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
4 |
4 |
Sweden |
|
95 |
106 |
|
62 |
136 |
|
13 |
29 |
31 |
46 |
|
15 |
11 |
|
40 |
52 |
Switzerland |
|
87 |
|
|
37 |
|
|
8 |
14 |
21 |
33 |
|
13 |
3 |
|
41 |
25 |
Syrian Arab Republic |
78 |
101 |
|
28 |
43 |
|
8 |
12 |
18 |
15 |
|
13 |
3 |
|
18 |
13 |
Tajikistan |
|
|
91 |
|
|
79 |
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
26 |
14 |
Tanzania |
|
32 |
67 |
|
2 |
5 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
1 |
0 |
Thailand |
|
78 |
87 |
|
14 |
55 |
|
2 |
4 |
20 |
20 |
|
2 |
1 |
|
19 |
22 |
Togo |
|
55 |
119 |
|
5 |
27 |
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
6 |
1 |
Tonga |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago |
93 |
96 |
|
36 |
72 |
|
2 |
5 |
4 |
8 |
|
3 |
2 |
|
8 |
7 |
Tunisia |
|
91 |
116 |
|
16 |
61 |
|
2 |
4 |
6 |
13 |
|
3 |
1 |
|
14 |
12 |
Turkey |
|
100 |
108 |
|
16 |
59 |
|
4 |
9 |
10 |
18 |
|
6 |
2 |
|
22 |
14 |
Turkmenistan |
|
110 |
|
|
115 |
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
19 |
21 |
Uganda |
|
67 |
73 |
|
4 |
12 |
|
0 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
1 |
0 |
|
2 |
1 |
Ukraine |
|
|
88 |
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
|
36 |
47 |
United Arab Emirates |
|
91 |
|
|
78 |
|
0 |
0 |
8 |
11 |
|
|
0 |
|
5 |
19 |
United Kingdom |
92 |
116 |
|
66 |
133 |
|
12 |
19 |
22 |
50 |
|
17 |
7 |
|
47 |
52 |
United States |
100 |
102 |
|
90 |
97 |
|
40 |
57 |
58 |
81 |
|
49 |
31 |
|
71 |
92 |
Uruguay |
|
100 |
111 |
|
44 |
82 |
|
8 |
16 |
24 |
28 |
|
10 |
7 |
|
24 |
33 |
Uzbekistan |
|
|
78 |
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
33 |
37 |
Vanuatu |
|
|
105 |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Venezuela |
|
94 |
90 |
|
27 |
35 |
|
7 |
18 |
26 |
26 |
|
9 |
5 |
|
25 |
27 |
Vietnam |
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
3 |
Virgin Islands (U.S.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
West Bank and Gaza |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yemen, Rep. |
9 |
73 |
|
0 |
31 |
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
7 |
1 |
Yugoslavia, FR (Serb./Mont.) |
100 |
72 |
|
65 |
65 |
|
13 |
20 |
19 |
21 |
|
17 |
9 |
|
19 |
23 |
Zambia |
|
53 |
89 |
|
7 |
28 |
|
0 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
4 |
2 |
Zimbabwe |
|
100 |
116 |
|
6 |
47 |
|
0 |
2 |
3 |
6 |
|
0 |
0 |
|
9 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
World |
|
82 |
102 |
|
32 |
63 |
|
9 |
14 |
13 |
18 |
|
11 |
6 |
|
18 |
18 |
Low & middle income |
76 |
102 |
|
21 |
55 |
|
4 |
7 |
7 |
10 |
|
5 |
2 |
|
11 |
9 |
Sub-Saharan
Africa |
45 |
74 |
|
5 |
25 |
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
1 |
0 |
|
5 |
2 |
East Asia
& Pacific |
87 |
115 |
|
23 |
64 |
|
5 |
5 |
4 |
7 |
|
5 |
4 |
|
9 |
6 |
South Asia |
67 |
95 |
|
24 |
44 |
|
4 |
7 |
8 |
6 |
|
3 |
1 |
|
8 |
4 |
Europe &
Central Asia |
100 |
101 |
|
39 |
83 |
|
9 |
14 |
13 |
32 |
|
13 |
9 |
|
29 |
34 |
Latin America
& Carib. |
94 |
112 |
|
19 |
55 |
|
4 |
13 |
16 |
18 |
|
6 |
3 |
|
18 |
18 |
Middle East
& N. Africa |
62 |
94 |
|
20 |
62 |
|
3 |
7 |
11 |
15 |
|
6 |
2 |
|
18 |
12 |
High income |
99 |
103 |
|
67 |
106 |
|
20 |
33 |
37 |
58 |
|
25 |
14 |
|
55 |
61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sources: Columns 1, 3, 5-7, 9 and 10: Barro and Lee
1994; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
columns 2, 4, 8, 11 and 12: UNESCO 1999a. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|