| Table E: Expenditures on Tertiary Education |
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|
Public Current Spending on Higher |
|
Tertiary Expenditure |
|
|
Education as % of Total Public |
|
per Student as |
|
|
Current Spending on Education |
|
% of GNP per Capita |
|
|
|
1985 or |
1995 or |
|
|
|
1980 |
1995 |
|
|
|
|
closest yr |
LYA** |
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|
|
| World Bank |
|
|
% of tot ed exp |
% of tot ed exp |
|
|
1980 |
1995 |
|
| Country Name |
|
Col S |
Col U |
|
|
|
Col AJ |
Col AK |
|
| Afghanistan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Albania |
|
|
|
10.3 |
|
|
|
|
36 |
|
| Algeria |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| American Samoa |
|
15.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Andorra |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Angola |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Antigua and Barbuda |
|
12.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Argentina |
|
|
19.2 |
21.0 |
|
|
|
10 |
17 |
|
| Armenia |
|
|
|
13.2 |
|
|
|
|
19 |
|
| Aruba |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Australia |
|
|
30.5 |
29.8 |
|
|
|
30 |
30 |
|
| Austria |
|
|
16.6 |
21.4 |
|
|
|
38 |
32 |
|
| Azerbaijan |
|
|
|
7.8 |
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
| Bahamas, The |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bahrain |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bangladesh |
|
|
10.4 |
7.9 |
|
|
|
47 |
30 |
|
| Barbados |
|
|
22.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Belarus |
|
|
14.0 |
11.0 |
|
|
|
33 |
20 |
|
| Belgium |
|
|
16.7 |
20.3 |
|
|
|
35 |
35 |
|
| Belize |
|
|
2.3 |
7.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Benin |
|
|
|
18.8 |
|
|
|
|
240 |
|
| Bermuda |
|
|
21.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bhutan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bolivia |
|
|
|
28.7 |
|
|
|
|
67 |
|
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Botswana |
|
|
17.2 |
|
|
|
|
665 |
|
|
| Brazil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
| Brunei |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bulgaria |
|
|
12.4 |
15.8 |
|
|
|
|
21 |
|
| Burkina Faso |
|
30.7 |
|
|
|
|
3371 |
|
|
| Burundi |
|
|
19.8 |
15.6 |
|
|
|
|
941 |
|
| Cambodia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cameroon |
|
|
27.4 |
|
|
|
|
363 |
|
|
| Canada |
|
|
28.7 |
34.7* |
|
|
|
28 |
36 |
|
| Cape Verde |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cayman Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Central African Republic |
|
18.8 |
24.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chad |
|
|
|
9.0 |
|
|
|
|
234 |
|
| Channel Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chile |
|
|
20.3 * |
18.1 |
|
|
|
|
21 |
|
| China |
|
|
21.8 |
15.4 |
|
|
|
|
81 |
|
| Colombia |
|
|
21.2 |
18.5 |
|
|
|
41 |
29 |
|
| Comoros |
|
|
|
17.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Congo, Dem. Rep. |
|
28.7 |
|
|
|
|
749 |
|
|
| Congo, Rep. |
|
|
34.4 |
28.0 |
|
|
|
|
224 |
|
| Costa Rica |
|
|
41.4 |
30.9 |
|
|
|
76 |
44 |
|
| Cote d'Ivoire |
|
|
17.1 |
16.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Croatia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cuba |
|
|
12.9 |
15.4 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
| Cyprus |
|
|
4.2 |
6.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Czech Republic |
|
|
14.7 |
|
|
|
|
41 |
|
| Denmark |
|
|
21.9 |
22.8 |
|
|
|
|
55 |
|
| Djibouti |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dominica |
|
|
2.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dominican Republic |
|
20.8 |
9.0 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
| Ecuador |
|
|
17.8 |
18.1 |
|
|
|
22 |
34 |
|
| Egypt, Arab Rep. |
|
|
35.4 |
|
|
|
|
108 |
|
| El Salvador |
|
|
|
7.2 |
|
|
|
103 |
8 |
|
| Equatorial Guinea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Eritrea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Estonia |
|
|
|
17.6 |
|
|
|
|
40 |
|
| Ethiopia |
|
|
14.4 |
14.9 |
|
|
|
|
592 |
|
| Faeroe Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fiji |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Finland |
|
|
18.7 |
28.8 |
|
|
|
28 |
46 |
|
| France |
|
|
12.9 |
17.0 |
|
|
|
22 |
24 |
|
| French Guiana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| French Polynesia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabon |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gambia, The |
|
13.8 |
10.9 |
|
|
|
|
235 |
|
| Georgia |
|
|
|
18.5 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
|
| Germany |
|
|
|
22.6 |
|
|
|
|
35 |
|
| Ghana |
|
|
12.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Greece |
|
|
20.1 |
22.6 * |
|
|
|
27 |
29 |
|
| Greenland |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Grenada |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Guadeloupe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Guam |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Guatemala |
|
|
|
15.5 |
|
|
|
|
33 |
|
| Guinea |
|
|
23.5 |
17.2 |
|
|
|
|
498 |
|
| Guinea-Bissau |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Guyana |
|
|
17.8 |
7.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Haiti |
|
|
10.8 |
|
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
| Honduras |
|
|
21.3 |
16.6 |
|
|
|
72 |
59 |
|
| Hong Kong, China |
|
25.1 |
37.1 |
|
|
|
|
52 |
|
| Hungary |
|
|
16.9 |
18.3 |
|
|
|
75 |
73 |
|
| Iceland |
|
|
|
20.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| India |
|
|
15.3 |
13.7 |
|
|
|
|
78 |
|
| Indonesia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Iran, Islamic Rep. |
|
10.7 |
22.9 |
|
|
|
|
62 |
|
| Iraq |
|
|
25.0 * |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ireland |
|
|
17.7 |
22.6 |
|
|
|
39 |
38 |
|
| Isle of Man |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Israel |
|
|
18.9 |
18.2 |
|
|
|
52 |
31 |
|
| Italy |
|
|
10.2 |
15.0 |
|
|
|
|
23 |
|
| Jamaica |
|
|
19.4 |
23.1 |
|
|
|
167 |
193 |
|
| Japan |
|
|
|
12.1 |
|
|
|
21 |
16 |
|
| Jordan |
|
|
34.1 |
34.9 |
|
|
|
|
111 |
|
| Kazakhstan |
|
|
|
12.5 |
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
| Kenya |
|
|
12.4 |
13.7 |
|
|
|
808 |
540 |
|
| Kiribati |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Korea, Dem. Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Korea, Rep. |
|
|
10.9 |
9.5 * |
|
|
|
7 |
6 |
|
| Kuwait |
|
|
16.7 |
29.9 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
| Kyrgyz Republic |
|
8.8 |
8.3 |
|
|
|
|
49 |
|
| Lao PDR |
|
|
|
4.0 |
|
|
|
|
55 |
|
| Latvia |
|
|
10.3 |
12.2 * |
|
|
|
|
45 |
|
| Lebanon |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Lesotho |
|
|
22.3 |
17.0 |
|
|
|
642 |
399 |
|
| Liberia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Libya |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Liechtenstein |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Lithuania |
|
|
|
18.0 |
|
|
|
|
51 |
|
| Luxembourg |
|
3.3 |
4.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Macao |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Macedonia, FYR |
|
|
22.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Madagascar |
|
27.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Malawi |
|
|
23.3 |
20.5 |
|
|
|
1137 |
979 |
|
| Malaysia |
|
|
14.6 |
16.8 |
|
|
|
149 |
77 |
|
| Maldives |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mali |
|
|
13.4 |
17.7 |
|
|
|
|
522 |
|
| Malta |
|
|
8.2 |
12.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Marshall Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Martinique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mauritania |
|
|
17.5 |
20.1 |
|
|
|
|
157 |
|
| Mauritius |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
163 |
|
|
| Mayotte |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mexico |
|
|
|
17.2 |
|
|
|
|
61 |
|
| Micronesia, Fed. Sts. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Moldova |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Monaco |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mongolia |
|
|
17.3 |
17.9 |
|
|
|
|
74 |
|
| Morocco |
|
|
17.1 |
16.5 |
|
|
|
|
74 |
|
| Mozambique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Myanmar |
|
|
|
11.7 |
|
|
|
|
21 |
|
| Namibia |
|
|
|
9.4 |
|
|
|
|
86 |
|
| Nepal |
|
|
33.4 |
17.3 |
|
|
|
272 |
156 |
|
| Netherlands |
|
|
26.4 |
29.9 |
|
|
|
54 |
44 |
|
| Netherlands Antilles |
|
|
4.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| New Caledonia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| New Zealand |
|
28.3 |
29.4 |
|
|
|
33 |
39 |
|
| Nicaragua |
|
|
23.2 |
|
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
| Niger |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1493 |
|
|
| Nigeria |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
| Northern Mariana Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Norway |
|
|
13.5 |
27.1 |
|
|
|
29 |
50 |
|
| Oman |
|
|
15.3 |
5.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Pakistan |
|
|
18.2 |
13.2 |
|
|
|
236 |
|
|
| Palau |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Panama |
|
|
20.4 |
24.8 |
|
|
|
29 |
47 |
|
| Papua New Guinea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Paraguay |
|
|
23.8 |
19.7 |
|
|
|
|
52 |
|
| Peru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
| Philippines |
|
|
22.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Poland |
|
|
18.2 |
14.6 * |
|
|
|
|
42 |
|
| Portugal |
|
|
12.7 |
16.4 |
|
|
|
|
25 |
|
| Puerto Rico |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Qatar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Reunion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Romania |
|
|
|
15.9 * |
|
|
|
|
40 |
|
| Russian Federation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Rwanda |
|
|
11.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Samoa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sao Tome and Principe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Saudi Arabia |
|
27.1 |
17.8 |
|
|
|
|
63 |
|
| Senegal |
|
|
19.0 |
23.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Seychelles |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sierra Leone |
|
15.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Singapore |
|
|
27.9 |
34.8 |
|
|
|
31 |
32 |
|
| Slovak Republic |
|
|
16.7 |
|
|
|
|
39 |
|
| Slovenia |
|
|
|
16.9 |
|
|
|
|
38 |
|
| Solomon Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Somalia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| South Africa |
|
24.8 |
15.4 |
|
|
|
|
59 |
|
| Spain |
|
|
|
15.1 |
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
| Sri Lanka |
|
|
9.8 |
12.2 |
|
|
|
62 |
64 |
|
| St. Kitts and Nevis |
|
2.1 |
11.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| St. Lucia |
|
|
4.5 |
12.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| St. Vincent & the Grenadines |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sudan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
441 |
|
|
| Suriname |
|
|
7.7 |
7.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Swaziland |
|
|
21.0 |
27.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sweden |
|
|
13.1 |
27.7 * |
|
|
|
26 |
76 |
|
| Switzerland |
|
|
18.1 |
19.7 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
| Syrian Arab Republic |
|
33.6 * |
25.9 * |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tajikistan |
|
|
7.7 |
10.3 |
|
|
|
30 |
39 |
|
| Tanzania |
|
|
12.7 |
|
|
|
|
2195 |
|
|
| Thailand |
|
|
13.2 |
19.4 |
|
|
|
|
25 |
|
| Togo |
|
|
22.8 |
32.9 |
|
|
|
892 |
521 |
|
| Tonga |
|
|
17.9 |
7.3 * |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Trinidad and Tobago |
|
8.9 |
13.3 |
|
|
|
55 |
77 |
|
| Tunisia |
|
|
18.2 |
18.8 |
|
|
|
194 |
89 |
|
| Turkey |
|
|
23.9 |
34.7 |
|
|
|
108 |
51 |
|
| Turkmenistan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Uganda |
|
|
13.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ukraine |
|
|
13.5 |
10.7 |
|
|
|
39 |
20 |
|
| United Arab Emirates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| United Kingdom |
|
19.8 |
23.7 * |
|
|
|
80 |
44 |
|
| United States |
|
25.1 |
25.2 * |
|
|
|
48 |
23 |
|
| Uruguay |
|
|
22.4 |
27.0 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
|
| Uzbekistan |
|
|
|
9.7 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
|
| Vanuatu |
|
|
|
6.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Venezuela |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
| Vietnam |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Virgin Islands (U.S.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| West Bank and Gaza |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yemen, Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yugoslavia, FR (Serb./Mont.) |
|
|
21.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Zambia |
|
|
18.3 |
23.2 |
|
|
|
762 |
160 |
|
| Zimbabwe |
|
|
9.0 |
17.3 * |
|
|
|
260 |
234 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| World |
|
|
18.8 |
16.0 |
|
|
|
163 |
77 |
|
| Low & middle income |
|
18.5 |
15.7 |
|
|
|
259 |
91 |
|
| Sub-Saharan
Africa |
|
19.1 |
16.7 |
|
|
|
802 |
422 |
|
| East Asia
& Pacific |
|
21.4 |
15.4 |
|
|
|
149 |
76 |
|
| South Asia |
|
15.3 |
13.1 |
|
|
|
143 |
74 |
|
| Europe &
Central Asia |
|
17.3 |
18.3 |
|
|
|
67 |
36 |
|
| Latin America
& Carib. |
|
19.5 |
18.1 |
|
|
|
19 |
43 |
|
| Middle East
& N. Africa |
|
15.9 |
25.5 |
|
|
|
194 |
82 |
|
| High income |
|
20.3 |
18.2 |
|
|
|
39 |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*Data include capital expenditures. This data
is not included in regional and world aggregations. |
|
|
**LYA-Last year available |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sources:
Columns 1 and 2: UNESCO 1998a;
columns 3 and 4: World Bank 1998. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
