104Kb 21Kb    
Table F: Other Educational Data
Summary Publication and Citation Statistics on Nationals Studying Tertiary Science
Research in the Sciences and Social Sciences Abroad as % of Enrollment as % of
# Papers # Papers   # Citations # Citations   Students at Home   Total Tertiary
  1981 1995 1981-1985 1993-1997 1995 or LYA** 1987-88 1995
 
 
World Bank   1,981 1,995   81-85 93-97   WCHE 5     HDR92 HDR 95
Country Name COL J,odds col P, odds   col AC,odds col AD,odds   col X, odds     col CJ Col AO
Afghanistan   22
Albania   35 24
Algeria   103 291 561 1,814 7.4 14 52
American Samoa
Andorra  
Angola   26
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina   1,051 2,589 10,015 28,240 37 30
Armenia     248     1,249            
Aruba                        
Australia   10,519 18,088   147,733 301,320         32 29
Austria   2,735 5,287   28,921 94,144   4.1     34 29
Azerbaijan     208     444           38
Bahamas, The                      
Bahrain   39
Bangladesh   123 355 1,385 2,299 34
Barbados   39 19
Belarus   1,033 4,220 2.2 35
Belgium   4,273 8,167 67,888 166,223 15 25
Belize                        
Benin                     18 19
Bermuda                        
Bhutan                     6  
Bolivia                     21  
Bosnia and Herzegovina                      
Botswana                     26 24
Brazil   1,913 5,440 14,446 55,170 0.7 40 22
Brunei   6
Bulgaria   1,109 1,374 4,683 11,198 48 25
Burkina Faso 21 18
Burundi   45
Cambodia                        
Cameroon   38 144   149 1,386   18.2     35  
Canada   19,560 33,426   299,529 669,313   1.4     22  
Cape Verde                        
Cayman Islands                      
Central African Republic                   34  
Chad                     12 14
Channel Islands
Chile   673 1,376 6,521 15,940 17 42
China   1,293 11,435 8,517 77,841 2.1 18 37
Colombia   135 294 1,015 4,138 36 31
Comoros  
Congo, Dem. Rep. 34
Congo, Rep.                     8 11
Costa Rica   71 193   538 1,882         41 18
Cote d'Ivoire   163 98   520 1,515         28 26
Croatia     898     8,138           38
Cuba   139 344   382 2,289         25 23
Cyprus   104.1 33 19
Czech Republic 3,150 21,106 36
Denmark   3,855 6,414 73,093 147,212 38 24
Djibouti  
Dominica   58
Dominican Republic
Ecuador                     21  
Egypt, Arab Rep. 1,304 2,091   5,133 9,730   0.9     38 15
El Salvador                     50 25
Equatorial Guinea                      
Eritrea                        
Estonia     390     4,314           34
Ethiopia   47 193 521 1,609 37 36
Faeroe Islands
Fiji   35
Finland   2,615 5,732 41,094 119,304 50 37
France   23,101 41,039 319,296 782,069 1.5 24
French Guiana
French Polynesia
Gabon                     22  
Gambia, The                      
Georgia                       48
Germany   33,602 53,160   467,933 1,068,338   2.1     46 35
Ghana   81 116   435 892         30  
Greece   968 3,259 8,981 34,790 13.3 43 30
Greenland  
Grenada  
Guadeloupe  
Guam  
Guatemala   39
Guinea  
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana                     41 43
Haiti                        
Honduras                     29 26
Hong Kong, China 375 2,382   3,770 24,706   36.1     43 36
Hungary   2,598 3,047   21,591 39,407         32 29
Iceland   44 255 852 5,521
India   13,623 14,883 56,464 90,162 0.7 32
Indonesia   89 310 694 3,364 1.0 39 28
Iran, Islamic Rep. 253 438 894 2,441 2.6 39 37
Iraq   208 84 774 327 33
Ireland   881 1,891   9,047 27,772   9.1     35 31
Isle of Man                        
Israel   4,934 8,279   73,973 148,182   4.8     13 27
Italy   9,618 24,695   133,715 442,636   2.1     39 28
Jamaica   136 154   1,143 1,261         37  
Japan   27,177 58,910   378,092 930,981   1.6     26 23
Jordan   56 278 263 1,018 15.4 28
Kazakhstan   221 690 3.4 42
Kenya   362 542 2,963 6,364 21
Kiribati  
Korea, Dem. Rep. 34
Korea, Rep.   234 5,393 2,656 43,561 3.1 31 39
Kuwait   134 324 695 1,576 35 23
Kyrgyz Republic                     28
Lao PDR                     42 45
Latvia     275     2,234           34
Lebanon   111 110   572 715   12.9     45 17
Lesotho                     16 25
Liberia  
Libya  
Liechtenstein
Lithuania   292 3,218
Luxembourg
Macao  
Macedonia, FYR                     41
Madagascar                   20 23
Malawi                     37 18
Malaysia   229 587   1,332 3,450   21.5     34  
Maldives                        
Mali   3
Malta   38 13
Marshall Islands
Martinique  
Mauritania   12 8
Mauritius  
Mayotte  
Mexico   907 2,901 8,779 28,589 0.8 36 33
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.                      
Moldova               8.0       34
Monaco                        
Mongolia                     56 24
Morocco   92 554   597 3,031   11.9     59 29
Mozambique                   25 50
Myanmar                     32 36
Namibia   9 5
Nepal   30 17
Netherlands   7,270 16,702 143,320 384,977 2.3 30 20
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand 2,200 3,539 23,181 53,775 29 20
Nicaragua                     43  
Niger                     24  
Nigeria   1,062 741   3,670 3,559         30 41
Northern Mariana Islands                      
Norway   2,306 4,264   34,601 70,109   4.7     30 19
Oman                     34  
Pakistan   189 618 935 2,803 2.4
Palau  
Panama   32 80 525 1,818 32 26
Papua New Guinea 114 105 584 989 11
Paraguay   50 25
Peru   72 143 620 1,614 1.1 25
Philippines   243 294   1,379 2,893           31
Poland   4,563 7,097   30,960 71,003   1.4     37 29
Portugal   237 1,580   2,956 19,617   2.7     35 30
Puerto Rico                        
Qatar                     10  
Reunion  
Romania   950 1,154 3,970 7,894 2.0 51
Russian Federation 24,958 159,065 0.3 49
Rwanda   25
Samoa   14
Sao Tome and Principe                      
Saudi Arabia 299 1,409   1,494 7,826   2.8     34  
Senegal                     31  
Seychelles                       45
Sierra Leone                     30
Singapore   192 1,914   1,302 16,257   19.7     29  
Slovak Republic 1,901 8,691
Slovenia   693 7,969 18
Solomon Islands 29
Somalia   18
South Africa 2,211 3,413 19,549 35,056 47 57
Spain   3,462 15,367   31,272 227,637   1.3     32  
Sri Lanka   121 139   616 967         37  
St. Kitts and Nevis                   14  
St. Lucia                     40  
St. Vincent & the Grenadines                      
Sudan   133 101 615 852 27
Suriname  
Swaziland   22
Sweden   6,891 12,825 145,644 289,268 3.5 42 29
Switzerland   6,160 11,510 146,664 341,129 5.2 40 32
Syrian Arab Republic             6.8     31 29
Tajikistan                       23
Tanzania   98 198   554 2,638         9 39
Thailand   373 648   2,419 8,398   1.3     25 19
Togo                     52 16
Tonga  
Trinidad and Tobago 57 82 269 557 43 45
Tunisia   111 300 567 2,148 9.4 31 24
Turkey   332 2,449 2,139 15,404 3.2 21
Turkmenistan
Uganda   41 13
Ukraine     3,723     16,679   1.4        
United Arab Emirates 11 224   30 1,352         46  
United Kingdom 38,580 61,734   684,437 1,334,782   1.3     42 31
United States 174,123 249,386   3,496,945 6,475,200   0.2        
Uruguay   42 170   588 2,763         48  
Uzbekistan   356 1,371
Vanuatu  
Venezuela   348 660 3,962 7,847 26
Vietnam   49 192 203 1,657
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza 45.3
Yemen, Rep. 12
Yugoslavia, FR (Serb./Mont.) 1,148 747   8,150 5,618   4.5        
Zambia   46 81   242 552            
Zimbabwe   96 212   522 1,687         32 23
 
 
 
 
World   459,457 772,036   7,138,219 15,116,724         29 33
Low & middle income 72,871 108,929 365,818 830,881 28 34
    Sub-Saharan Africa 4,337 5,839 29,740 56,110 29 36
    East Asia & Pacific 2,390 13,571 15,128 98,592 22 35
    South Asia 14,056 15,995 59,400 96,231 32 17
    Europe & Central Asia 43,975 53,543 201,892 398,790 38 39
    Latin America & Carib. 5,576 14,426 48,803 152,108 35 27
    Middle East & N. Africa 2,537 5,555 10,855 29,050 35 30
High income 386,586 663,107   6,772,401 14,285,843         34 29
**LYA-Last year available
Sources:  Columns 1 through 4: ISI 1998; column 5: UNESCO 1998a;
column 6: UNDP 1992; columns 7 and 9: UNDP 1998; column 8: UNDP 1990 and UNDP 1998.
Data for column 5 is not aggregated by region because only 50 countries are represented.